At PromiseCare Medical Group in Hemet, California, a coronary calcium scan is a non-invasive test used to detect calcium deposits in the coronary arteries.
This 10–15-minute test, which utilizes CT scan technology, provides a snapshot of heart health and potential risk for heart disease. Patients receive an Agatston score, indicating the presence and extent of coronary artery disease.
This scan is recommended for individuals between 40-70 with intermediate heart disease risk factors.
Understanding the calcium score empowers patients to take control of their heart health, marking the beginning of their journey toward proactive care.
Overview
A coronary calcium scan is a noninvasive test that detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, a sign of atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of heart disease. The test uses a CT scan and takes 10-15 minutes. It exposes patients to minimal radiation, equivalent to the amount naturally received in a year.
The results are presented as an Agatston score, which helps determine heart attack risk. A score of zero indicates no detectable calcium, while a score above 300 signifies extensive coronary artery disease.
This test is beneficial for individuals between 40 and 70 with intermediate heart disease risk factors, such as high cholesterol or a family history of heart disease. It can guide treatment decisions and lifestyle modifications to prevent coronary artery disease from becoming a significant issue.
Detecting coronary artery disease (early) allows for preventative measures to be taken. The coronary calcium scan is a valuable tool in the fight against heart disease, enabling individuals to take proactive steps to maintain their heart health.
Types
Two primary types of coronary calcium scans are available, each with distinct characteristics catering to specific diagnostic needs. A coronary calcium scan will either be a non-contrast CT scan or a contrast-enhanced CT scan.
The non-contrast CT scan is the most common type, assessing the amount of calcium in the coronary arteries without using contrast material. This type of scan directly measures coronary artery calcium, allowing for an accurate calcium score. The calcium score categorizes calcium deposits into ranges indicating low to high risk for coronary artery disease.
A contrast-enhanced CT scan may sometimes be used, providing additional imaging capabilities. However, this type of scan is rare for calcium scoring.
Multidetector CT scanners are specialized scanners offering detailed imaging capabilities to improve the accuracy of calcium detection. Regardless of the type, the goal of the scan is to assess the risk of heart disease by measuring the amount of calcium in the coronary arteries.
Understanding the type of scan helps prepare for the procedure and raise awareness of heart health.
Why it’s done
A coronary calcium scan is a non-invasive test that measures the amount of calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, indicating coronary artery disease (CAD) even before symptoms arise.
By detecting CAD early, preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of a heart attack. The test is recommended for individuals between 40 and 70 years old with intermediate heart attack risk factors.
The calcium score helps assess the likelihood of future cardiovascular events. A high score may prompt lifestyle changes or medications like statins to lower the risk.
The test is quick, taking around 10-15 minutes, and results are usually available within 72 hours. Undergoing a coronary calcium scan provides valuable insights into heart health and empowers individuals to take proactive steps to prevent cardiovascular events.
This knowledge can be a powerful tool in safeguarding well-being. The coronary calcium scan is a valuable diagnostic tool that can help identify coronary artery disease early, allowing for timely interventions and potentially preventing heart attacks.
Who it’s for
A coronary calcium scan is primarily recommended for individuals aged 40-70 with intermediate heart attack risk factors, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or a family history of heart disease.
Individuals with the following risk factors may benefit from a coronary calcium scan:
- Age: men 55-80, women 60-80
- High cholesterol or high blood pressure
- Family history of heart disease
- Diabetes or other health conditions
- Intermediate risk of coronary artery disease
A health check-up within the last two years is suggested to assess suitability for the scan.
This test isn’t recommended for low-risk individuals without symptoms, as they’re unlikely to show significant calcium buildup.
Undergoing a coronary calcium scan can benefit from the early detection of heart disease, leading to timely treatment and prevention of complications.
Those concerned about their heart health should consult a medical professional to determine if a coronary calcium scan is appropriate.
Risks
Radiation exposure is a significant consideration with a coronary calcium scan. The test involves a small dose of ionizing radiation, roughly equivalent to the natural radiation absorbed in a year. This exposure is similar to that of a mammogram.
However, repeated exposure from multiple scans can increase cancer risk, especially in younger individuals. Discussing radiation exposure history is essential to determine the best course of action.
Pregnant individuals shouldn’t undergo a coronary calcium scan due to potential harm to the developing fetus. The scan should be avoided during pregnancy, and the healthcare team should be informed before the test.
The scan has minimal side effects since no contrast dye is used. However, individuals may experience anxiety or discomfort from lying still during the procedure.
Weighing the benefits against the risks is critical, especially for those with a history of radiation exposure. Understanding the risks allows for informed decision-making that prioritizes safety and well-being.
After considering the potential risks and benefits, the decision to undergo a coronary calcium scan should be made.
How you prepare
Preparing for a coronary calcium scan involves simple steps to ensure accurate results and a smooth experience.
Arrive 20 minutes early for registration purposes. No special fasting is required before the test.
To prepare, follow these steps:
- Avoid smoking and caffeine for several hours before the scan to secure accurate results. Please change into a medical gown and remove any jewelry from your neck and chest to prevent interference with the scan.
- Allow electrodes to be placed on your chest to monitor your heartbeat during the procedure.
- Discuss any comfort measures with the healthcare team before the scan to help alleviate any anxiety or discomfort during imaging.
- Be ready to spend approximately 10-15 minutes undergoing the scan.
What you can expect
During a coronary calcium scan, you’ll lie flat on your back for approximately 10-15 minutes. A CT scanner captures images of your heart to detect calcium deposits in your coronary arteries. Electrodes will be placed on your chest to monitor your heart activity, synchronizing the scan images with your heartbeat.
A non-invasive procedure with minimal radiation exposure, comparable to a standard mammogram. The CT scanner will take images of your heart, which will be used to calculate your Agatston score, indicating the level of calcium deposits and corresponding risk of coronary artery disease.
The results will help determine potential next steps. You’ll be safe and comfortable throughout the procedure, and the scan will provide valuable insights into your heart health. It’s essential to follow any instructions provided to guarantee a smooth and successful procedure.
Results will typically be discussed within 72 hours.
Results
Coronary calcium scan results are critical to evaluating cardiovascular health. They provide a numerical snapshot of the calcium deposits in the coronary arteries through a calculated Agatston score. This score quantifies the amount of calcium detected, with a score of zero indicating no calcium and a low risk of heart disease. A higher score indicates more extensive plaque buildup and a greater risk of heart attack.
The Agatston score can be interpreted as follows:
- A score of 0: No calcium detected, low risk of heart disease
- Scores 1-99: Mild coronary artery disease, moderate risk of heart attack
- Scores 100-300: Moderate plaque buildup, higher risk of heart attack
- Scores above 300: Extensive coronary artery disease, considerably elevated heart attack risk
The interpretation of results should consider other risk factors, such as age, gender, cholesterol levels, and family history.
Discussing the calcium score with a healthcare provider is essential to understanding the implications and potential next steps for managing heart disease risk. This screening test provides valuable insights into cardiovascular health, allowing for proactive steps to mitigate risk factors and maintain a healthy heart.
